Cost Classification

Classify costs as product or period, variable or fixed, and calculate totals.

Cost Behavior & High-Low Method

Separate mixed costs into fixed and variable components using the high-low method.

Contribution Margin Income Statement

Prepare a contribution margin income statement and calculate CM per unit and CM ratio.

Break-Even Analysis

Calculate the break-even point in units and in total sales dollars.

Target Profit Problems

Find the units and sales needed to achieve a specific target profit.

Job Order Costing

Complete a job cost sheet with direct materials, direct labor, and applied overhead.

Overhead Application

Calculate the predetermined overhead rate and apply it to production.

Over/Under-Applied Overhead

Calculate the overhead variance and adjust Cost of Goods Sold accordingly.

Process Costing

Calculate equivalent units and cost per EU using the weighted-average method.

Standard Costing & Variances

Calculate materials and labor variances — price, quantity, rate, and efficiency.

Budgeting

Prepare a production budget or cash budget for multiple periods.

Mixed Problems

Multi-concept problems combining contribution margin analysis with break-even calculations.

CVP — Contribution Margin Statement

Build a full CM income statement and calculate CM per unit, CM ratio, and net income.

CVP — Break-Even Analysis

Calculate break-even point in units and dollars; find current net income.

CVP — Target Profit (incl. After-Tax)

Find units and sales needed to hit a pre-tax or after-tax profit target.

Margin of Safety

Calculate MoS in dollars and as a percentage of actual sales.

Operating Leverage (DOL)

Calculate the degree of operating leverage and project changes in net income.

Multi-Product Break-Even

Weighted-average CM approach for companies with multiple products and a sales mix.

CVP Sensitivity Analysis

Compare current vs. proposed scenarios — new break-even point and net income impact.

CVP Decision Analysis

Compare two cost structure options (high-fixed vs. high-variable) at a target volume.

Special Order Decisions

Evaluate a special order using relevant (incremental) costs — identify minimum acceptable price.

Make or Buy Decisions

Compare relevant make costs (avoidable only) vs. outside supplier price.